Inflammatory Bowel Disease includes a group of disorders which cause inflammation in the digestive tract. The digestive tract includes the different organs in the body which are responsible for the breaking down of food, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and disposal of waste. They include the oesophagus, mouth, stomach, large intestine and small intestine.
Inflammatory bowel diseases also called IBD, cause a hindrance in the normal functioning of the digestive system and can be disruptive and painful. Chronic cases of IBD can assume life threatening proportions.
Types of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Though IBD is an umbrella term used to denote a number of diseases, the most commonly found IBD diseases are Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Crohn’s disease is caused due to an inflammation of digestive tract lining, mainly in the large and small intestine. Ulcerative Colitis occurs due to long lasting inflammations or ulcers in the inner lining of colon and rectum.
Symptoms of IBD
The symptoms associated with the disease, varies depending on the intensity and site of inflammation. The common symptoms are as follows: -
- Abdominal cramping or pain
- Diarrhoea
- Fatigue accompanied by fever
- Reduced appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
Causes of IBD
The causes of IBD are yet to be ascertained. Though diet and stress factors had thought to potential culprits, they have been disregarded now. A possible cause of the condition would be immune system disorders. The immune system while fighting foreign bodies like viruses and bacteria turns against the cells of the digestive tracts as well causing unusual responses like inflammation.
Treatment for IBD
IBD diseases can be managed to a great extent with the help of medications. The medications administered include anti inflammatory drugs to manage inflammations and immune suppressants to reduce the aggravation of the disease due to immune system malfunction. Antibiotics are used to control the actions of bacteria as well. In severe and long lasting cases of inflammatory bowel disease, surgical procedures are used.
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